The US peace proposal on the Ukraine war became a key topic of discussion at the G20 Summit 2025-Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability . The proposal included some of Russia’s demands, which European countries objected to. They argued that borders cannot be forcibly changed and that the draft was still incomplete. This raises the question: will the path to ending the Russia-Ukraine war be easy when the G20 itself disagrees with the US peace plan?

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When voices were raised at the The G20 Summit 2025-Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability in Johannesburg, South Africa to end the conflict between Russia and Ukraine that has been going on for more than three years, the attitude of the western countries towards the US proposal was different.

The western countries expressed serious objections to the peace plan proposed by the US. This plan was revealed recently, in which some of the demands of Russia have been included, such as giving some parts of Ukraine’s Donbas region to Russia, limiting Ukraine’s military capability and giving up its desire to join NATO. In such a situation, America has given Ukraine a deadline of Thursday to respond to this proposal.

Meanwhile, European leaders discussed the draft during the summit and issued a joint statement. The leaders noted that the draft contains some important elements, but it is a foundation that needs further work. They clarified that borders cannot be changed by force. The statement was signed by the leaders of Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Ireland, Finland, Norway, the European Union, Canada, and Japan.

Starmer raised concerns about Ukraine’s security. Regarding the US proposal, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer said that the proposal’s limitation on Ukraine’s military capabilities was deeply concerning, as Ukraine must be able to defend itself in the event of any ceasefire.

Starmer later spoke with Donald Trump by phone and said their teams would work together in further talks in Geneva. Prior to this, he also spoke with Ukrainian President Zelensky and reiterated Britain’s strong support for Ukraine. The national security advisors of the US, Europe, and Ukraine are scheduled to discuss the details of this peace proposal in Switzerland.

G20 losing its direction: Macron

French President Emmanuel Macron questioned the usefulness of the G20, saying it was losing its direction because member states were unable to reach consensus on many major issues. He stated that peace in Ukraine was impossible without respect for Ukrainians and their sovereignty.

Macron warned that if the world’s major nations did not reunite within the G20 , the forum would be weakened. British Prime Minister Starmer echoed Macron’s views, saying the G20 must take on a new role to address the challenges the world faces.

The G20 Summit 2025 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation, bringing together leaders and policymakers from the world’s major economies to discuss key global issues

Purpose and Significance

The G20’s main role is to shape and strengthen global architecture and governance on all major international economic and financial issues.

Global Representation:

G20 members collectively represent around 85% of global GDP, over 75% of global trade, and about two-thirds of the world’s population.

Expanded Agenda:

While initially focused on macroeconomic issues, the agenda has expanded to include trade, sustainable development, health, agriculture, energy, environment, climate change, and anti-corruption.

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Origins:

It was founded in 1999 after the Asian financial crisis as a forum for Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors. It was elevated to the level of Heads of State/Government in 2008 during the global financial crisis.

Members of the G20

The G20 comprises 19 countries and two regional bodies.

Countries Regional Bodies Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye, United Kingdom, United States ,European Union (EU), African Union (AU).

How the G20 Works

The G20 does not have a permanent secretariat or staff. Its work is primarily conducted through two parallel tracks, under the leadership of a rotating Presidency:

Sherpa Track:

Led by Sherpas, who are personal emissaries of the Leaders (Heads of State/Government).
They coordinate negotiations throughout the year, discuss agenda items for the Summit, and oversee the substantive work of the G20.

Finance Track:

Led by the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the member countries.
It focuses on financial and economic issues, such as fiscal and monetary policies, infrastructure, and financial regulation.

The current Presidency is supported by the Troika, which consists of the immediate past, current, and incoming host countries, ensuring continuity of the agenda.

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